Exploring the sexual diversity of flatworms: Ecology, evolution, and the molecular biology of reproduction.
Flatworms show great diversity in their reproductive biology, making the group an excellent model system to explore how differences between species in reproductive ecology is reflected in the physiological and molecular details of how reproduction is achieved. In this review, I consider five key “lifestyle choices” (ie, alternative evolutionary / developmental outcomes) that collectively Encompass many sexual diversity flatworms, begins with a decision: (i) whether to live free or parasites; (Ii) whether to reproduce asexually or sexually; and (iii) whether it should gonochoristic (separate-sexed) or hermaphrodite.
I then checked two further decisions involving hermaphroditism (iv) outcrossing to selfing and (v) the balance of investments into male versus (allocation sex) female sexual function. Collectively, lifestyle choice, it sets the ground rules for how reproduction occurs, but as I emphasized in the second part of the review, reproductive biology flatworms also heavily influenced by the pressure near-pervasive strong sexual selection, together with the related phenomena of competition sperm and sexual conflict.
Exactly how this plays out, however, strongly influenced by the particular combination of reproductive strategies adopted by each species.
Between November 30 and December 2, 2015, Jacques Loeb Center for History and Philosophy of Life Sciences at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Beer Sheva (Israel) organized the Eighth International Workshop titled “From Genome to Gene: causality, Synthesis and evolution”.
Eric Davidson, founder of the concept of development of Gene Regulatory Networks, has regularly attended previous meetings, and participation in this one is expected, but suddenly he died three months earlier. In this paper, we provide an introduction and overview of the five papers presented at the workshop and examine the importance of genome and gene regulatory networks in biology that still exist, developmental biology, evolutionary biology and medicine, as well as a collection of memories of Eric Davidson, personality and contribution scientific. provided a historical perspective, and the ethical issues raised by new tools developed to modify the genome are also discussed.
Dynamic modeling approach based on logic to explain the evolution of the central dogma of molecular biology.
It is almost half a century past the age of introduction of the Central Dogma (CD) of molecular biology. Biological axiom has been developed and now it seems all the more complex. In this study, we modify the CD by adding more species to the flow of information CD and CD expressed mathematically in a dynamic framework using Boolean network based on its present and 1965 editions.
D(+)-Sucrose (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE225 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 84 |
D(+)-Sucrose (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE226 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 207.6 |
Sucrose, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GC3201-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 45.1 |
Urea, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GE1210-1KG | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 kg | EUR 106.8 |
Urea, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GE1210-500G | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 g | EUR 76.8 |
Urea, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GE1210-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 58 |
Urea, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GE1210-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 33.1 |
Sodium chloride, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GE0307-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 45.2 |
NAD (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE196 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 72 |
NAD (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE197 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 165.6 |
NBT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE209 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 123.6 |
NBT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE210 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 360 |
DTT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE131 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 93.6 |
DTT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE132 | GeneOn | 10 g | EUR 133.2 |
DTT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE133 | GeneOn | 25 g | EUR 243.6 |
Pyridine, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology with molecular sieve |
|||
GS8780-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 249.8 |
Tris (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE237 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 106.8 |
Tris (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE238 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 153.6 |
Tris (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE239 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 535.2 |
BCIP (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE108 | GeneOn | 250 mg | EUR 75.6 |
BCIP (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE109 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 108 |
DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE117 | GeneOn | 5 mg | EUR 72 |
DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE118 | GeneOn | 25 mg | EUR 159.6 |
DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE119 | GeneOn | 100 mg | EUR 382.8 |
DMSO, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40470006-1 | Bio-WORLD | 100 mL | EUR 88.18 |
DMSO, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40470006-2 | Bio-WORLD | 250 mL | EUR 150.19 |
DMSO, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40470006-3 | Bio-WORLD | 500 mL | EUR 279.26 |
EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40500028-2 | Bio-WORLD | 50 g | EUR 106.43 |
EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40500028-3 | Bio-WORLD | 100 g | EUR 177.58 |
EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40500028-4 | Bio-WORLD | 500 g | EUR 603.19 |
EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40500028-5 | Bio-WORLD | 1 kg | EUR 912.98 |
EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40500028-6 | Bio-WORLD | 2 kg | EUR 1687.94 |
100mL Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
46-000-CI | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK6 | EUR 74.4 |
500mL Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
46-000-CV | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK6 | EUR 138 |
HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE171 | GeneOn | 100 g | EUR 98.4 |
HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE172 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 268.8 |
HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE173 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 424.8 |
Water (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE243 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 62.4 |
Water (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE244 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 67.2 |
CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE114 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 66 |
CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE115 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 157.2 |
CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE116 | GeneOn | 25 g | EUR 492 |
Pyridine, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS6659-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 240.3 |
Pyridine, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS6659-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 95.8 |
Formamide, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS9663-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | EUR 48.9 |
Tween20 (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE242 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 106.8 |
Glycine (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE158 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 84 |
Glycine (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE159 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 228 |
Agarose, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40100164-1 | Bio-WORLD | 25 g | Ask for price |
Agarose, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40100164-2 | Bio-WORLD | 50 g | Ask for price |
Agarose, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40100164-3 | Bio-WORLD | 100 g | Ask for price |
Agarose, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40100164-4 | Bio-WORLD | 500 g | Ask for price |
Agarose, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40100164-5 | Bio-WORLD | 1 kg | Ask for price |
Lysozyme (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE188 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 70.8 |
Lysozyme (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE189 | GeneOn | 10 g | EUR 247.2 |
OORA00229-1L - Molecular Biology Grade UltraPure Water |
|||
OORA00229-1L | Aviva Systems Biology | 1L | EUR 149 |
OORA00230-1L - Molecular Biology Grade UltraPure Water |
|||
OORA00230-1L | Aviva Systems Biology | 1L | EUR 279 |
Dimethylformamide, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology with molecular sieve |
|||
GS3406-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 116.2 |
1L Molecular Biology Grade Water |
|||
46-000-CM | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK6 | EUR 196.8 |
Tween 20, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
T9100-010 | GenDepot | 100ml | EUR 86.4 |
Tween 20, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
T9100-050 | GenDepot | 500ml | EUR 133.2 |
Tween 20, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
T9100-100 | GenDepot | 1L | EUR 160.8 |
OORA00218-100IU - DNA Ligase T4 Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
OORA00218-100IU | Aviva Systems Biology | 100Units | EUR 129 |
Agarose, low EEO, GlenBiol, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GE6258-100G | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 g | EUR 217.2 |
Boric Acid, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40200060-1 | Bio-WORLD | 500 g | EUR 46.16 |
Boric Acid, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40200060-2 | Bio-WORLD | 1 kg | EUR 76.66 |
Boric Acid, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40200060-3 | Bio-WORLD | 2.5 kg | EUR 145.5 |
20xSSC, Molecular Biology Grade, pH7.0 |
|||
TBS5033-1L | Tribioscience | 1L | EUR 67 |
Dimethylformamide, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS6580-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 107.3 |
Formamide deionized (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE145 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 87.6 |
Formamide deionized (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE146 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 120 |
MOPS buffer (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE194 | GeneOn | 100 g | EUR 102 |
MOPS buffer (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE195 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 169.2 |
Glycerol 87 % (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE154 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 93.6 |
Agarose, Molecular Biology Grade, 100g |
|||
PC0701-100g | Vivantis | each | Ask for price |
Agarose, Molecular Biology Grade, 1kg |
|||
PC0701-1kg | Vivantis | each | Ask for price |
Agarose, Molecular Biology Grade, 500g |
|||
PC0701-500g | Vivantis | each | Ask for price |
OORA00218-100UNITS - DNA Ligase T4 Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
OORA00218-100UNITS | Aviva Systems Biology | 100Units | EUR 149 |
Water, distilled, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GK8512-1L | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 l | EUR 92.4 |
Water, distilled, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GK8512-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 60.1 |
Acetonitrile 50, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS0247-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 40.7 |
Acetonitrile 50, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS0247-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 61.3 |
Acetonitrile 10, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS0969-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 47 |
Acetonitrile 10, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS0969-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 73.9 |
Acetonitrile 30, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS8649-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 43.1 |
Acetonitrile 30, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS8649-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 66.5 |
Phenol, (Carbolic acid) Double distilled for Molecular Biology |
|||
PD0252 | Bio Basic | 500g | EUR 192.59 |
Ammonia solution, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS8853-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | EUR 91.2 |
Dimethylsulfoxide (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE120 | GeneOn | 100 ml | EUR 66 |
Dimethylsulfoxide (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE121 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 110.4 |
TritonX-100 (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE240 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 67.2 |
TritonX-100 (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE241 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 79.2 |
Agarose, low EEO, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GE6258-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | EUR 150.4 |
Agarose, low EEO, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GE6258-25 | Glentham Life Sciences | 25 | EUR 60.1 |
OORA00219-v1 - DNA Ligase T4 Molecular Biology Grade (500units) |
|||
OORA00219-v1 | Aviva Systems Biology | 500units | EUR 375 |
Water, Ultrapure Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
41024-4L | Biotium | 4L | EUR 145.2 |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 4L |
Sodium chloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE205 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 62.4 |
Sodium chloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE206 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 70.8 |
Sodium chloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE207 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 123.6 |
Bis-Acrylamid (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE110 | GeneOn | 50 g | EUR 94.8 |
Bis-Acrylamid (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE111 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 259.2 |
Water, Ultrapure Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
41024-4L-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 79 |
Cesium Chloride, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
40300060-1 | Bio-WORLD | 50 g | EUR 45.77 |
Urea Crystalline (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE167 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 72 |
Urea Crystalline (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE168 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 181.2 |
Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE105 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 55.2 |
Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE106 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 72 |
Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE107 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 153.6 |
Lithium Chloride, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
41200036-1 | Bio-WORLD | 100 g | EUR 41.7 |
Lithium Chloride, Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
41200036-2 | Bio-WORLD | 500 g | EUR 108.38 |
SSC Buffer (20X) (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE229 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 86.4 |
Tris - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE234 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 99.6 |
Tris - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE235 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 144 |
Tris - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE236 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 223.2 |
Glycerol waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE155 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 78 |
Glycerol waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE156 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 102 |
Glycerol waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE157 | GeneOn | 2.5 l | EUR 170.4 |
XTT sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE250 | GeneOn | 100 mg | EUR 208.8 |
XTT sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE251 | GeneOn | 500 mg | EUR 612 |
NADP - sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE200 | GeneOn | 250 mg | EUR 92.4 |
NADP - sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE201 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 190.8 |
OORA00219-500UNITS - DNA Ligase T4 Molecular Biology Grade (500units) |
|||
OORA00219-500UNITS | Aviva Systems Biology | 500Units | EUR 329 |
Guanidine Thiocyanate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE164 | GeneOn | 100 g | EUR 86.4 |
Guanidine Thiocyanate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE165 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 192 |
Guanidine Thiocyanate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE166 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 307.2 |
NADH - Disodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE198 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 91.2 |
NADH - Disodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE199 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 244.8 |
Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE163 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 352.8 |
Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE160 | GeneOn | 100 g | EUR 93.6 |
Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE161 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 153.6 |
Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE162 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 232.8 |
Yeast extract powder (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE169 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 133.2 |
D(+)-Glucose waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE148 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 67.2 |
D(+)-Glucose waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE149 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 75.6 |
D(+)-Glucose waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE150 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 180 |
3-Methylbutan-1-ol, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS6015-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | EUR 74.5 |
3-Methylbutan-1-ol, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS6015-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 301.4 |
Hyaluronidase Grade I (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE174 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 232.8 |
Hyaluronidase Grade I (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE175 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 920.4 |
NADPH - Tetrasodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE202 | GeneOn | 25 mg | EUR 70.8 |
NADPH - Tetrasodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE203 | GeneOn | 100 mg | EUR 126 |
NADPH - Tetrasodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE204 | GeneOn | 500 mg | EUR 374.4 |
Di-iso-propylethylamine, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS7181-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | EUR 143.3 |
Di-iso-propylethylamine, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS7181-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 474.2 |
TRIS-Glycine Buffer 10X, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GE6710-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 67.9 |
TRIS-Glycine Buffer 10X, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GE6710-250 | Glentham Life Sciences | 250 | EUR 22.7 |
Tris-EDTA buffer solution (10X, suitable for molecular biology, pH 8.0) |
|||
GX7489-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 22.7 |
Tris-EDTA buffer solution (10X, suitable for molecular biology, pH 8.0) |
|||
GX7489-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 45.2 |
Tris-EDTA buffer solution (10X, suitable for molecular biology, pH 8.0) |
|||
GX7489-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 15.9 |
Ammonium acetate 7.5M solution, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GX5459-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 271.2 |
Ammonium acetate 7.5M solution, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GX5459-250 | Glentham Life Sciences | 250 | EUR 90.4 |
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GS5724-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 126.3 |
Ammonium acetate 5M solution, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GX2678-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 271.2 |
Ammonium acetate 5M solution, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
|||
GX2678-250 | Glentham Life Sciences | 250 | EUR 90.4 |
Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE100 | GeneOn | 50 g | EUR 128.4 |
Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE101 | GeneOn | 100 g | EUR 193.2 |
Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE102 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 387.6 |
Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE103 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 656.4 |
Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade) |
|||
CE104 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 1162.8 |
Water, Ultra Pure, Sterile Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
18-193 | Genesee Scientific | 100ml/Unit | EUR 268 |
Water, Ultra Pure, Sterile Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
18-194 | Genesee Scientific | 500ml/Unit | EUR 294 |
Water, Ultra Pure, Sterile Molecular Biology Grade |
|||
18-195 | Genesee Scientific | 1000ml/Unit | EUR 308 |
We show that the increase of Dogma is not only now require a higher level of complexity, but also showed a higher level of endurance, so far more consistent with the nature of the biological system. Using mathematical modeling approach, we put forward the expression based on the logic-conceptual perspective of molecular biology. Finally, we show that the biological concepts can be turned into a dynamic mathematical model using logic-based approach and thus may be useful as a framework for improving the static conceptual model in biology.