Exploring the sexual diversity of flatworms: Ecology, evolution, and the molecular biology of reproduction.

Flatworms show great diversity in their reproductive biology, making the group an excellent model system to explore how differences between species in reproductive ecology is reflected in the physiological and molecular details of how reproduction is achieved. In this review, I consider five key “lifestyle choices” (ie, alternative evolutionary / developmental outcomes) that collectively Encompass many sexual diversity flatworms, begins with a decision: (i) whether to live free or parasites; (Ii) whether to reproduce asexually or sexually; and (iii) whether it should gonochoristic (separate-sexed) or hermaphrodite.

I then checked two further decisions involving hermaphroditism (iv) outcrossing to selfing and (v) the balance of investments into male versus (allocation sex) female sexual function. Collectively, lifestyle choice, it sets the ground rules for how reproduction occurs, but as I emphasized in the second part of the review, reproductive biology flatworms also heavily influenced by the pressure near-pervasive strong sexual selection, together with the related phenomena of competition sperm and sexual conflict.

Exactly how this plays out, however, strongly influenced by the particular combination of reproductive strategies adopted by each species.
Between November 30 and December 2, 2015, Jacques Loeb Center for History and Philosophy of Life Sciences at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Beer Sheva (Israel) organized the Eighth International Workshop titled “From Genome to Gene: causality, Synthesis and evolution”.

Eric Davidson, founder of the concept of development of Gene Regulatory Networks, has regularly attended previous meetings, and participation in this one is expected, but suddenly he died three months earlier. In this paper, we provide an introduction and overview of the five papers presented at the workshop and examine the importance of genome and gene regulatory networks in biology that still exist, developmental biology, evolutionary biology and medicine, as well as a collection of memories of Eric Davidson, personality and contribution scientific. provided a historical perspective, and the ethical issues raised by new tools developed to modify the genome are also discussed.

Exploring the sexual diversity of flatworms: Ecology, evolution, and the molecular biology of reproduction.
Exploring the sexual diversity of flatworms: Ecology, evolution, and the molecular biology of reproduction.

Dynamic modeling approach based on logic to explain the evolution of the central dogma of molecular biology.

It is almost half a century past the age of introduction of the Central Dogma (CD) of molecular biology. Biological axiom has been developed and now it seems all the more complex. In this study, we modify the CD by adding more species to the flow of information CD and CD expressed mathematically in a dynamic framework using Boolean network based on its present and 1965 editions.

Sucrose, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology
GC3201 1kg
EUR 41.25

Sucrose, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology
GC3201-1 1
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D(+)-Sucrose (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE224 500 g
EUR 67.2

D(+)-Sucrose (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE225 1 kg
EUR 42

D(+)-Sucrose (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE226 5 kg
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Casein, for Molecular Biology
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MB279-500G 1 unit
EUR 387.65
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Urea for molecular biology, 99.5%
21113 500 Gms
EUR 6.5
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Xylene for molecular biology, 99.5%
45122 250 ml
EUR 2.81
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Glycine for molecular biology, 99.5%
64072 100 Gms
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Acetone for molecular biology, 99.8%
27498 500 ml
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Methanol for molecular biology, 99.5%
96446 500 ml
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Carbinol for molecular biology, 99.5%
34883 500 ml
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Formamide for molecular biology, 99.5%
30349 500 ml
EUR 5.82
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Imidazole for molecular biology, 99.5%
61510 25 Gms
EUR 5.47
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Chloroform for molecular biology, 99.8%
96764 100 ml
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Urea, suitable for molecular biology
GE1210 500g
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Urea, suitable for molecular biology
GE1210-1 1
EUR 58

Urea, suitable for molecular biology
GE1210-1KG 1 kg
EUR 106.8

Urea, suitable for molecular biology
GE1210-500 500
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Urea, suitable for molecular biology
GE1210-500G 500 g
EUR 76.8

Triethylamine for molecular biology, 99.5%
55221 500 ml
EUR 4.11
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Ficoll 400® for molecular biology
45460 5 Gms
EUR 15.6
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Agarose UltraPhor for molecular biology
27813 10 Gms
EUR 46.5
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Boric Acid for molecular biology, 99.5%
22311 250 Gms
EUR 4.04
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2-Mercaptoethanol ?For Molecular Biology
MB041-100ML 1 unit
EUR 9.02
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2-Mercaptoethanol ?For Molecular Biology
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Vitamin B12 for molecular biology, 97%
77472 250 Mg
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Triton X-100 for molecular biology
64518 100 ml
EUR 6.02
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MOPS Buffer for molecular biology, 99%
66043 25 Gms
EUR 10.28
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ACES Buffer for molecular biology, 99.5%
27907 5 Gms
EUR 5.4
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Agarose Low EEO for molecular biology
36601 10 Gms
EUR 5.1
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PIPES Buffer for molecular biology, 99%
49159 100 Gms
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10X MOPS Buffer for molecular biology
68078 100 ml
EUR 4.5
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CHAPS Buffer for molecular biology, 99.5%
21420 1 Gms
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HEPES Buffer for molecular biology, 99.5%
16826 25 Gms
EUR 6.3
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Sodium Azide for molecular biology, 99%
17782 100 Gms
EUR 5.47
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Agarose High EEO for molecular biology
60645 25 Gms
EUR 13.8
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Jasmonic Acid for molecular biology, 95%
79238 25 Mg
EUR 120.9
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Protamine Sulfate for molecular biology, 90-110%
78349 1 Gms
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Oil Red O for molecular biology, 75%
23576 25 Gms
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Agarose Medium EEO for molecular biology
10423 10 Gms
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Isopropanol (IPA) for molecular biology, 99.8%
38445 100 ml
EUR 1.71
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Sodium Chloride for molecular biology, 99.9%
33205 500 Gms
EUR 4.52
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Ethidium Bromide for molecular biology, 95%
93079 1 Gms
EUR 4.58
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Ammonium Acetate for molecular biology, 98%
37829 100 Gms
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Agarose Low Melting for molecular biology
32417 5 Gms
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Acetonitrile (ACN) for molecular biology, 99.9%
62006 250 ml
EUR 4.93
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Potassium Acetate for molecular biology, 99.5%
96248 100 Gms
EUR 2.74
Description: Part A

Ammonium Sulphate for molecular biology, 99.5%
82126 250 Gms
EUR 4.93
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Ammonium Chloride for molecular biology, 99.5%
16992 500 Gms
EUR 4.52
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Potassium Chloride for molecular biology, 99.5%
84984 500 Gms
EUR 6.16
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Sodium Bicarbonate for molecular biology, 99.7%
36328 500 Gms
EUR 5.47
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Glycerol (Glycerine) for molecular biology, 99.5%
62417 100 ml
EUR 2.05
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Phenol Crystalline for molecular biology, 99.5%
17286 100 Gms
EUR 3.15
Description: Part A

2-Mercaptoethanol for molecular biology, 99%
83759 100 ml
EUR 5.27
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Tetrahydrofuran (THF) for molecular biology, 99.8%
92562 250 ml
EUR 3.28
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Acriflavine Neutral for molecular biology, 98%
42428 5 Gms
EUR 3.15
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Dichloromethane (DCM) for molecular biology, 99.9%
41512 250 ml
EUR 3.22
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Dithioerythritol (DTE) for molecular biology, 99%
53384 1 Gms
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Sodium chloride, suitable for molecular biology
GE0307 1kg
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GE0307-1 1
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HEPES Sodium Salt for molecular biology, 99%
32225 25 Gms
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meta-Topolin (mT) for molecular biology, 98%
68913 25 Mg
EUR 17.48
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L-Ascorbic Acid for molecular biology, 99.7%
14116 25 Gms
EUR 1.64
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Glycogen ex. Oyster for molecular biology, 85%
49740 1 Gms
EUR 7.5
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Acetic Acid Glacial for molecular biology, 99.9%
59788 100 ml
EUR 3.56
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D-Sorbitol Powder for molecular biology, 98%
99103 500 Gms
EUR 10.33
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Brilliant Blue R-250 for molecular biology
93473 5 Gms
EUR 4.35
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Acrylamide 3x cryst. for molecular biology, 99.9%
61346 100 Gms
EUR 5.47
Description: Part A

Brilliant Blue G-250 for molecular biology
64222 5 Gms
EUR 4.65
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Propidium Iodide (PI) for molecular biology, 95%
11195 10 Mg
EUR 17.63
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Acriflavine Hydrochloride for molecular biology, 98.5%-105%
35188 5 Gms
EUR 4.05
Description: Part B

Tris Buffer Superior for molecular biology, 99.9%
37969 100 Gms
EUR 7.59
Description: Part A

Polysorbate 20 (Tween 20) for molecular biology
65296 100 Gms
EUR 10.81
Description: Part A

Molecular Biology Grade Water for RT-PCR
ML065-1.5ML 1 unit
EUR 7.82
Description: Molecular Biology Grade Water for RT-PCR

10X TE Buffer pH-8.0 for molecular biology
51782 100 ml
EUR 9.45
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10X TBE Buffer pH-8.3 for molecular biology
83170 200 ml
EUR 4.95
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Tris Buffer AR, ACS for molecular biology, 99.9%
71033 100 Gms
EUR 6.02
Description: Part A

10X TAE Buffer pH-8.3 for molecular biology
71989 100 ml
EUR 4.43
Description: Part B

Acrylamide 40% aq. solution for molecular biology
29787 250 ml
EUR 20.53
Description: Part A

MES Monohydrate Buffer for molecular biology, 99%
26854 25 Gms
EUR 11.03
Description: Part B

DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT) for molecular biology, 98%
17315 1 Gms
EUR 5.18
Description: Part B

Glutathione Reduced (GSH) for molecular biology, 99.5%
11514 1 Gms
EUR 5.55
Description: Part B

Ammonium Persulphate (APS) for molecular biology, 99%
65553 25 Gms
EUR 1.64
Description: Part A

Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) for molecular biology, 99.9%
40801 100 ml
EUR 22.92
Description: Part A

Sodium Acetate Anhydrous for molecular biology, 99%
22342 250 Gms
EUR 3.56
Description: Part A

Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO) for molecular biology, 99.8%
24075 100 ml
EUR 6.02
Description: Part A

Cesium Sulphate extrapure for molecular biology, 99.9%
57455 10 Gms
EUR 7.5
Description: Part B

Sodium Acetate Trihydrate for molecular biology, 99.5%
88035 250 Gms
EUR 2.33
Description: Part A

Cesium Chloride ultrapure for molecular biology, 99.9%
32355 25 Gms
EUR 18
Description: Part B

Guanidine Thiocyanate (GTC) for molecular biology, 99%
80272 100 Gms
EUR 5.47
Description: Part A

Glutathione Oxidized (GSSG) for molecular biology, 99.5%
22151 250 Mg
EUR 22.5
Description: Part B

Pyridine, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology with molecular sieve
GS8780 2500ml
EUR 239.63

Pyridine, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology with molecular sieve
GS8780-2500 2500
EUR 249.8

Calcium Chloride Dihydrate for molecular biology, 99.5%
97080 100 Gms
EUR 2.12
Description: Part A

Diethyl Pyrocarbonate (DEPC) for molecular biology, 99%
46791 5 ml
EUR 9
Description: Part B

Pyridine, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology
GS6659 500ml
EUR 230.38

Pyridine, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology
GS6659-2500 2500
EUR 240.3

Pyridine, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology
GS6659-500 500
EUR 95.8

Formamide, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology
GS9663 100ml
EUR 46.83

Formamide, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology
GS9663-100 100
EUR 48.9

20X SSC Buffer pH 6.9-7.1 for molecular biology
12590 200 ml
EUR 2.48
Description: Part B

Guanidine Hydrochloride (GHC) for molecular biology, 99.5%
45539 100 Gms
EUR 4.79
Description: Part A

Bromocresol Purple Sodium Salt for molecular biology
24836 5 Gms
EUR 2.05
Description: Part A

Polyethylene Glycol 8000 (PEG 8000) for molecular biology
54866 500 Gms
EUR 11.97
Description: Part A

10X Tris Buffered Saline (TBS) for molecular biology
83471 500 ml
EUR 14.7
Description: Part B

Magnesium Acetate Tetrahydrate for molecular biology, 99%
50488 100 Gms
EUR 2.74
Description: Part A

Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate for molecular biology, 99.5%
91417 250 Gms
EUR 4.45
Description: Part A

Magnesium Sulphate Heptahydrate for molecular biology, 99.5%
74440 500 Gms
EUR 6.16
Description: Part A

Tris Hydrochloride (Tris HCl) for molecular biology, 99%
89781 100 Gms
EUR 9.37
Description: Part A

Agarose Low EEO Superior Grade for molecular biology
23287 10 Gms
EUR 6
Description: Part B

L-Lysine Monohydrate (base) for molecular biology, 99%
45976 25 Gms
EUR 37.63
Description: Part A

OORA00229-1L - Molecular Biology Grade UltraPure Water
OORA00229-1L 1L
EUR 149

OORA00230-1L - Molecular Biology Grade UltraPure Water
OORA00230-1L 1L
EUR 279

DTT (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE131 5 g
EUR 44

DTT (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE132 10 g
EUR 88

DTT (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE133 25 g
EUR 170

NAD (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE196 1 g
EUR 34

NAD (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE197 5 g
EUR 137

NBT (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE209 1 g
EUR 96

NBT (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE210 5 g
EUR 345

10X Tris-Glycine-SDS Buffer for molecular biology
57806 200 ml
EUR 3.6
Description: Part B

10X Tris-Tricine-SDS Buffer for molecular biology
37852 500 ml
EUR 9.08
Description: Part B

Cesium Chloride extrapure AR for molecular biology, 99.9%
22966 25 Gms
EUR 14.63
Description: Part B

N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) for molecular biology, 99.9%
24017 100 ml
EUR 3.08
Description: Part A

EDTA Disodium Salt Dihydrate for molecular biology, 99.5%
43272 100 Gms
EUR 2.26
Description: Part A

DMSO, Molecular Biology Grade
40470006-1 100 mL
EUR 108.14

DMSO, Molecular Biology Grade
40470006-2 250 mL
EUR 182.67

DMSO, Molecular Biology Grade
40470006-3 500 mL
EUR 342.49

EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade
40500028-2 50 g
EUR 130.53

EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade
40500028-3 100 g
EUR 217.78

EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade
40500028-4 500 g
EUR 734.55

EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade
40500028-5 1 kg
EUR 1119.67

EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade
40500028-6 2 kg
EUR 2070.09

BCIP (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE108 250 mg Ask for price

BCIP (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE109 1 g
EUR 82

DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE117 5 mg
EUR 40

DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE118 25 mg
EUR 133

DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE119 100 mg
EUR 281

Tris (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE237 500 g
EUR 79

Tris (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE238 1 kg
EUR 135

Tris (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE239 5 kg
EUR 608

Dimethylformamide, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology with molecular sieve
GS3406 2500ml
EUR 111.53

Dimethylformamide, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology with molecular sieve
GS3406-2500 2500
EUR 116.2

Chloroform : Isoamyl Alcohol (24:1) for molecular biology
85563 100 ml
EUR 8.48
Description: Part B

1X Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) for molecular biology
95131 100 ml
EUR 3.98
Description: Part B

Saponin ex. Quillaja for molecular biology, 9% Sapogenin
80967 25 Gms
EUR 45
Description: Part B

CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE114 1 g Ask for price

CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE115 5 g
EUR 97

CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE116 25 g
EUR 319

HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE171 100 g
EUR 40

HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE172 500 g
EUR 162

HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE173 1 kg
EUR 285

Water (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE243 500 ml
EUR 62.4

Water (Molecular Biology Grade)
CE244 1 l
EUR 35

Molecular Biology Grade Water
ML024-100ML 1 unit
EUR 3.54
Description: Molecular Biology Grade Water

Molecular Biology Grade Water
ML024-10X100ML 1 unit
EUR 29.52
Description: Molecular Biology Grade Water

Molecular Biology Grade Water
ML024-10X500ML 1 unit
EUR 87.91
Description: Molecular Biology Grade Water

Molecular Biology Grade Water
ML024-500ML 1 unit
EUR 12.56
Description: Molecular Biology Grade Water

Molecular Biology Grade Water
ML064-100ML 1 unit
EUR 3.67
Description: Molecular Biology Grade Water

Molecular Biology Grade Water
ML064-10X100ML 1 unit
EUR 25.38
Description: Molecular Biology Grade Water

We show that the increase of Dogma is not only now require a higher level of complexity, but also showed a higher level of endurance, so far more consistent with the nature of the biological system. Using mathematical modeling approach, we put forward the expression based on the logic-conceptual perspective of molecular biology. Finally, we show that the biological concepts can be turned into a dynamic mathematical model using logic-based approach and thus may be useful as a framework for improving the static conceptual model in biology.