Molecular biology and structure of a novel penaeid shrimp densovirus elucidate convergent parvoviral host capsid evolution
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Molecular biology and structure of a novel penaeid shrimp densovirus elucidate convergent parvoviral host capsid evolution
Black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is a comprehensive decapod crustaceans raised for human consumption. Currently, the virus from two different lineages of parvovirus (PV, family Parvoviridae; subfamily Hamaparvovirinae) infects penaeid shrimp.
Here, the PV was isolated and cloned from Vietnam specimens of P. monodon, Penaeus monodon appointed metallodensovirus (PmMDV). This was the first member of a different lineage third proved to infect penaeid decapods. PmMDV has the unique transcription strategy among PV invertebrates, extensive use of alternative splicing and transcription incorporating elements characteristic of PV-infect vertebrates. The PmMDV protein has no significant sequence similarity with other PV, except for the helicase domain SF3 its nonstructural protein.
The capsid structure, determined by cryoelectron microscope for 3-Å resolution, has a surface morphology similar to Penaeus stylirostris densovirus, despite the lack of significant capsid viral proteins (VP) of sequence similarity. Unlike other PV, VP crease PmMDV without combining βA multimer strand and shown a unique interaction, including the incorporation of cations Ca2 +, attach the N termini below fivefold icosahedral symmetry axis and forming a basket-like pentamer helix bundle. While the order PmMDV VP does not have a canonical domain of phospholipase A2, the structure of a capsid EDTA-treated, determined to 2.8-Å resolution, suggesting a mechanism cation-dependent membrane-penetrating alternative in the N-terminal region.
PmMDV is observed examples of convergent evolution between invertebrates PV capsid structure in connection with the host-driven and unique as PV shows the structure of the cation-sensitive cart / egress endosomal depending on the alternative. Bioinformatics is a very resourceful tool for understanding the evolution of membrane proteins, such as transient receptor potential channel. bioinformatics expert users rely on special scripting and programming skills. Some web servers and standalone tools are available to users nonadvanced is willing to develop projects to understand their system of choice.
Molecular biology and structure of a novel penaeid shrimp densovirus elucidate convergent parvoviral host capsid evolution
molecular biology and evolution of cancer: from discovery to action.
Cancer development is an evolutionary process. During this process, the growing population of cancer cells undergo limit the ecological niches in the body, such as primary tumor, circulatory system, and metastatic sites vary. heterogeneous population of cancer cells undergo selection for adaptive phenotypes, which form the molecular genetic variations in the same genetic drift. cell lineage underwent convergent evolution towards a phenotype known as hallmarks of cancer that promote cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis.
Efforts to prevent or delay cancer evolution-and-development requires a deep understanding of the underlying process of molecular evolution. Here we discuss the suite concept and tools of the theory of evolution and ecology that can inform-and possibly change-cancer biology in new ways and means. These concepts and tools including comparative research on cancer throughout the different species and the application of phylogenetic approaches to analyze the evolution of tumor progression and metastasis.
A monoclonal antibody specific to 5-Me-THF has been pre-coated onto a microplate. A competitive inhibition reaction is launched between biotin labeled 5-Me-THF analogues and unlabeled antigen (Standards or samples) with the pre-coated antibody. After
Description: A competitive Inhibition ELISA kit for detection of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate from General in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
100 ML, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE WATER; TESTED TO USP STERILE PURIFIED WATER SPECIFICATIONS
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of General 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
General 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) ELISA Kit
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of General 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
General 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) ELISA Kit
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of General 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
General 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) ELISA Kit
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of General 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
General 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) ELISA Kit
Known also as 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate elisa. Alternative names of the recognized antigen: 5-Me-THFA
5-Me-H4FA
5-Me-THF
5-Me-H4F
Levomefolic Acid
Metafolin
5-Methyltetrahydrofolic Acid
L-Methylfolate
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Competitive Inhibition method for detection of General 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) in samples from serum, plasma and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
General 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate ELISA Kit (5-Me-THF)
The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Low Molecular Weight Kininogen (LMWK). Standards or samples are then added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Low Molecular Weight Kininogen from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
ELISA kit for Human HMWK (High Molecular Weight Kininogen)
The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to High Molecular Weight Kininogen (HMWK). Standards or samples are then added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells with a biotin-conjugated antibody specifi
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of High Molecular Weight Kininogen from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
ELISA kit for Mouse HMWK (High Molecular Weight Kininogen)
The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to High Molecular Weight Kininogen (HMWK). Standards or samples are then added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells with a biotin-conjugated antibody specifi
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of High Molecular Weight Kininogen from Mouse in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
DiscoveryProbe? Cancer Biology-related Compounds Panel
Description: A wide range of well-characterized bioactive molecules that covers various targets related to cancer biology, including p53, EGFR and PKC etc. Facilitate your research towards the insights of gene regulation, tumorgenesis and immunotherapy etc.
Holder for Plasmid Midi, Maxi and Maxi plus, Ion Exchange column
Gentaur's ADP-HMW ELISA kit utilizes the Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human ADP-HMW. Standards or samples are added to the micro ELISA plate wells and combined w
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for quantitative measurement of Human ADP-HMW (High Molecular Weight Adiponectin) in samples from Serum, Plasma, Cell supernatant
ELISA kit for Human High Molecular Weight Adiponectin (HMW-ADP)
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human High Molecular Weight Adiponectin (HMW-ADP) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
ELISA kit for Human High Molecular Weight Adiponectin (HMW-ADP)
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human High Molecular Weight Adiponectin (HMW-ADP) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
ELISA kit for Human High Molecular Weight Adiponectin (HMW-ADP)
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human High Molecular Weight Adiponectin (HMW-ADP) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
ELISA kit for Rat LOW Molecular Weight Adiponectin (LOW-ADP)
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Rat LOW Molecular Weight Adiponectin (LOW-ADP) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
ELISA kit for Rat LOW Molecular Weight Adiponectin (LOW-ADP)
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Rat LOW Molecular Weight Adiponectin (LOW-ADP) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
ELISA kit for Rat LOW Molecular Weight Adiponectin (LOW-ADP)
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Rat LOW Molecular Weight Adiponectin (LOW-ADP) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
ELISA kit for Mouse LOW Molecular Weight Adiponectin (LOW-ADP)
Fitness landscape can be used to describe the evolution of the potential trajectory of cancer, positive selection and mapping of neutral evolution of proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor, and other functional elements. We also highlight the current challenges to implement these concepts and propose the research area, by incorporating these concepts, identify the mode of new therapies and in cancer susceptibility.
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