Molecular biology and structure of a novel penaeid shrimp densovirus elucidate convergent parvoviral host capsid evolution
Black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is a comprehensive decapod crustaceans raised for human consumption. Currently, the virus from two different lineages of parvovirus (PV, family Parvoviridae; subfamily Hamaparvovirinae) infects penaeid shrimp.
Here, the PV was isolated and cloned from Vietnam specimens of P. monodon, Penaeus monodon appointed metallodensovirus (PmMDV). This was the first member of a different lineage third proved to infect penaeid decapods. PmMDV has the unique transcription strategy among PV invertebrates, extensive use of alternative splicing and transcription incorporating elements characteristic of PV-infect vertebrates. The PmMDV protein has no significant sequence similarity with other PV, except for the helicase domain SF3 its nonstructural protein.
The capsid structure, determined by cryoelectron microscope for 3-Å resolution, has a surface morphology similar to Penaeus stylirostris densovirus, despite the lack of significant capsid viral proteins (VP) of sequence similarity. Unlike other PV, VP crease PmMDV without combining βA multimer strand and shown a unique interaction, including the incorporation of cations Ca2 +, attach the N termini below fivefold icosahedral symmetry axis and forming a basket-like pentamer helix bundle. While the order PmMDV VP does not have a canonical domain of phospholipase A2, the structure of a capsid EDTA-treated, determined to 2.8-Å resolution, suggesting a mechanism cation-dependent membrane-penetrating alternative in the N-terminal region.
PmMDV is observed examples of convergent evolution between invertebrates PV capsid structure in connection with the host-driven and unique as PV shows the structure of the cation-sensitive cart / egress endosomal depending on the alternative. Bioinformatics is a very resourceful tool for understanding the evolution of membrane proteins, such as transient receptor potential channel. bioinformatics expert users rely on special scripting and programming skills. Some web servers and standalone tools are available to users nonadvanced is willing to develop projects to understand their system of choice.

molecular biology and evolution of cancer: from discovery to action.
Cancer development is an evolutionary process. During this process, the growing population of cancer cells undergo limit the ecological niches in the body, such as primary tumor, circulatory system, and metastatic sites vary. heterogeneous population of cancer cells undergo selection for adaptive phenotypes, which form the molecular genetic variations in the same genetic drift. cell lineage underwent convergent evolution towards a phenotype known as hallmarks of cancer that promote cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis.
Efforts to prevent or delay cancer evolution-and-development requires a deep understanding of the underlying process of molecular evolution. Here we discuss the suite concept and tools of the theory of evolution and ecology that can inform-and possibly change-cancer biology in new ways and means. These concepts and tools including comparative research on cancer throughout the different species and the application of phylogenetic approaches to analyze the evolution of tumor progression and metastasis.
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenDry™, anhydrous over molecular sieve |
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GS8667-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 104.1 |
Magnesium acetate - Tetrahydrate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE190 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 98.4 |
Tetrahydrofuran Mix (THF) - 3 pack of 1.5mL ampules |
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ECS-B-047 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1.5ML | EUR 108 |
Tetrahydrofuran |
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GK1522-1L | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 l | EUR 84 |
Tetrahydrofuran |
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GK1522-2500ML | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 ml | EUR 122.4 |
Tetrahydrofuran |
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GK1522-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 39.4 |
Tetrahydrofuran |
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GK1522-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 71.1 |
Tetrahydrofuran |
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GK1522-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 23.8 |
Tetrahydrofuran |
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S-3460 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 45.6 |
Tetrahydrofuran-d8 |
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S-3461 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 84 |
VOC Tetrahydrofuran Neat |
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REVOC176N | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 10MG | EUR 46.87 |
Tetrahydrofuran, 99.9%, for analysis, unstabilised |
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GK0126-1L | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 l | EUR 136.8 |
Tetrahydrofuran, 99.9%, for analysis, unstabilised |
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GK0126-2500ML | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 ml | EUR 246 |
Tetrahydrofuran, 99.9%, for analysis, unstabilised |
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GK0126-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 83.1 |
Tetrahydrofuran, 99.9%, for analysis, unstabilised |
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GK0126-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 174 |
VOC Std Tetrahydrofuran 2000ug/mL in MeOH |
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REVOC176 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 66.59 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenUltra™, analytical grade, for LC |
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GS2560-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 176.2 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenUltra™, analytical grade, for LC |
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GS2560-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 294 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenDry™, anhydrous |
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GS6029-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 121 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenDry™, anhydrous |
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GS6029-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | EUR 66.4 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenDry™, anhydrous |
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GS6029-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 223 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenDry™, anhydrous |
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GS6029-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 88.7 |
Cobalt(II) chloride-1,5-Tetrahydrofuran |
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GX7281-10 | Glentham Life Sciences | 10 | EUR 88.9 |
Cobalt(II) chloride-1,5-Tetrahydrofuran |
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GX7281-25 | Glentham Life Sciences | 25 | EUR 131.1 |
(R)-2-(Tetrahydrofuran-3-Yl)Acetic-Acid |
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abx188023-10g | Abbexa | 10 g | EUR 2932.8 |
Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.9%, unstabilised |
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GK8887-100ML | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 ml | EUR 93.6 |
Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.9%, unstabilised |
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GK8887-1L | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 l | EUR 154.8 |
Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.9%, unstabilised |
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GK8887-2500ML | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 ml | EUR 265.2 |
Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.9%, unstabilised |
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GK8887-500ML | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 ml | EUR 117.6 |
Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.9%, unstabilised |
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GK8887-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 97.7 |
Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.9%, unstabilised |
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GK8887-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | EUR 47.4 |
Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.9%, unstabilised |
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GK8887-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 189.8 |
Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.9%, unstabilised |
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GK8887-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 67.2 |
NADPH - Tetrasodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE202 | GeneOn | 25 mg | EUR 70.8 |
NADPH - Tetrasodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE203 | GeneOn | 100 mg | EUR 126 |
NADPH - Tetrasodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE204 | GeneOn | 500 mg | EUR 374.4 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenPure™, analytical grade |
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GS8138-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 77.9 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenPure™, analytical grade |
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GS8138-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 152.7 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenPure™, analytical grade |
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GS8138-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 63.5 |
(3R,4S)-Tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diamine dihydrochloride |
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abx180099-1g | Abbexa | 1 g | EUR 2431.2 |
Urea, suitable for molecular biology |
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GE1210-1KG | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 kg | EUR 106.8 |
Urea, suitable for molecular biology |
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GE1210-500G | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 g | EUR 76.8 |
Urea, suitable for molecular biology |
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GE1210-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 58 |
Urea, suitable for molecular biology |
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GE1210-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 33.1 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenDry™, anhydrous stabilised with BHT |
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GS2203-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 121 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenDry™, anhydrous stabilised with BHT |
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GS2203-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | EUR 66.4 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenDry™, anhydrous stabilised with BHT |
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GS2203-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 223 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenDry™, anhydrous stabilised with BHT |
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GS2203-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 88.7 |
Sodium chloride, suitable for molecular biology |
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GE0307-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 45.2 |
Sucrose, GlenBiol, suitable for molecular biology |
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GC3201-1KG | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 kg | EUR 90 |
NAD (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE196 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 72 |
NAD (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE197 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 165.6 |
NBT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE209 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 123.6 |
NBT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE210 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 360 |
DTT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE131 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 93.6 |
DTT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE132 | GeneOn | 10 g | EUR 133.2 |
DTT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE133 | GeneOn | 25 g | EUR 243.6 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenPure™, analytical grade stabilised with BHT |
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GS4339-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 77.9 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenPure™, analytical grade stabilised with BHT |
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GS4339-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 152.7 |
Tetrahydrofuran, GlenPure™, analytical grade stabilised with BHT |
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GS4339-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 63.5 |
Tris (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE237 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 106.8 |
Tris (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE238 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 153.6 |
Tris (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE239 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 535.2 |
BCIP (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE108 | GeneOn | 250 mg | EUR 75.6 |
BCIP (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE109 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 108 |
DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE117 | GeneOn | 5 mg | EUR 72 |
DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE118 | GeneOn | 25 mg | EUR 159.6 |
DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE119 | GeneOn | 100 mg | EUR 382.8 |
100mL Molecular Biology Grade |
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46-000-CI | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK6 | EUR 74.4 |
500mL Molecular Biology Grade |
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46-000-CV | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK6 | EUR 138 |
HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE171 | GeneOn | 100 g | EUR 98.4 |
HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE172 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 268.8 |
HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE173 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 424.8 |
Water (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE243 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 62.4 |
Water (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE244 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 67.2 |
CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE114 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 66 |
CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE115 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 157.2 |
CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE116 | GeneOn | 25 g | EUR 492 |
Pyridine, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology with molecular sieve |
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GS8780-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 249.8 |
Tween20 (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE242 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 106.8 |
Glycine (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE158 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 84 |
Glycine (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE159 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 228 |
Sucrose, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GC3201-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 45.1 |
(S)-4-Iodo-1-Chloro-2-(4-Tetrahydrofuran-3-Yloxy-Benzyl)-Benzene |
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abx188037-100g | Abbexa | 100 g | EUR 927.6 |
Lysozyme (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE188 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 70.8 |
Lysozyme (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE189 | GeneOn | 10 g | EUR 247.2 |
Pyridine, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GS6659-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 240.3 |
Pyridine, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GS6659-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 95.8 |
Formamide, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GS9663-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | EUR 48.9 |
1L Molecular Biology Grade Water |
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46-000-CM | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK6 | EUR 196.8 |
Tween 20, Molecular Biology Grade |
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T9100-010 | GenDepot | 100ml | EUR 86.4 |
Tween 20, Molecular Biology Grade |
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T9100-050 | GenDepot | 500ml | EUR 133.2 |
Tween 20, Molecular Biology Grade |
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T9100-100 | GenDepot | 1L | EUR 160.8 |
Dimethylformamide, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology with molecular sieve |
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GS3406-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 116.2 |
D(+)-Sucrose (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE224 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 67.2 |
D(+)-Sucrose (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE225 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 84 |
D(+)-Sucrose (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE226 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 207.6 |
MOPS buffer (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE194 | GeneOn | 100 g | EUR 102 |
MOPS buffer (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE195 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 169.2 |
Glycerol 87 % (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE154 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 93.6 |
Agarose, low EEO, GlenBiol, suitable for molecular biology |
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GE6258-100G | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 g | EUR 217.2 |
Formamide deionized (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE145 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 87.6 |
Formamide deionized (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE146 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 120 |
TritonX-100 (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE240 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 67.2 |
TritonX-100 (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE241 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 79.2 |
Dimethylsulfoxide (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE120 | GeneOn | 100 ml | EUR 66 |
Dimethylsulfoxide (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE121 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 110.4 |
Dimethylformamide, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GS6580-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 107.3 |
Water, distilled, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GK8512-1L | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 l | EUR 92.4 |
Water, distilled, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GK8512-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 60.1 |
Acetonitrile 50, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GS0247-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 40.7 |
Acetonitrile 50, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GS0247-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 61.3 |
Acetonitrile 10, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GS0969-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 47 |
Acetonitrile 10, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GS0969-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 73.9 |
Acetonitrile 30, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GS8649-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 43.1 |
Acetonitrile 30, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GS8649-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | EUR 66.5 |
Water, Ultrapure Molecular Biology Grade |
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41024-4L | Biotium | 4L | EUR 145.2 |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 4L |
Sodium chloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE205 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 62.4 |
Sodium chloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE206 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 70.8 |
Sodium chloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE207 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 123.6 |
Bis-Acrylamid (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE110 | GeneOn | 50 g | EUR 94.8 |
Bis-Acrylamid (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE111 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 259.2 |
Phenol, (Carbolic acid) Double distilled for Molecular Biology |
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PD0252 | Bio Basic | 500g | EUR 192.59 |
Ammonia solution, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GS8853-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | EUR 91.2 |
Urea Crystalline (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE167 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 72 |
Urea Crystalline (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE168 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 181.2 |
Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE105 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 55.2 |
Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE106 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 72 |
Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE107 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 153.6 |
Agarose, low EEO, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GE6258-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | EUR 150.4 |
Agarose, low EEO, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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GE6258-25 | Glentham Life Sciences | 25 | EUR 60.1 |
SSC Buffer (20X) (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE229 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 86.4 |
XTT sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE250 | GeneOn | 100 mg | EUR 208.8 |
XTT sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE251 | GeneOn | 500 mg | EUR 612 |
Tris - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE234 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 99.6 |
Tris - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE235 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 144 |
Tris - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE236 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 223.2 |
Glycerol waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE155 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 78 |
Glycerol waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE156 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 102 |
Glycerol waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE157 | GeneOn | 2.5 l | EUR 170.4 |
(Tetrahydro-Furan-3-Yl)-Acetic Acid |
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abx188044-100g | Abbexa | 100 g | EUR 3316.8 |
NADP - sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE200 | GeneOn | 250 mg | EUR 92.4 |
NADP - sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE201 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 190.8 |
Guanidine Thiocyanate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE164 | GeneOn | 100 g | EUR 86.4 |
Guanidine Thiocyanate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE165 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 192 |
Guanidine Thiocyanate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE166 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 307.2 |
NADH - Disodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE198 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 91.2 |
NADH - Disodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE199 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 244.8 |
Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE163 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 352.8 |
Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE160 | GeneOn | 100 g | EUR 93.6 |
Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE161 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 153.6 |
Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE162 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 232.8 |
Yeast extract powder (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE169 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 133.2 |
D(+)-Glucose waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE148 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 67.2 |
D(+)-Glucose waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE149 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 75.6 |
D(+)-Glucose waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE150 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 180 |
2-Amino-2-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-ethanol |
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20-abx185016 | Abbexa |
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Tetrahydro-3-furanmethanol |
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20-abx184426 | Abbexa |
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Hyaluronidase Grade I (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE174 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 232.8 |
Hyaluronidase Grade I (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE175 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 920.4 |
Fitness landscape can be used to describe the evolution of the potential trajectory of cancer, positive selection and mapping of neutral evolution of proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor, and other functional elements. We also highlight the current challenges to implement these concepts and propose the research area, by incorporating these concepts, identify the mode of new therapies and in cancer susceptibility.